The rotary evaporator is a commonly used sample concentration and solvent removal tool based on the principle of vaporization and evaporation of liquids. The following are its basic principles and operating procedures:

Principle:

·Rotation: the rotating bottle is placed in a heating bath to increase the liquid surface area and increase the evaporation rate through rotating motion.

·Heating: the heating bath rotates the bottom of the bottle to raise the boiling point of the liquid and promote the evaporation of the solvent.

·Vacuum: connect the vacuum pump, reduce the system pressure, reduce the liquid boiling point, and accelerate the solvent volatilization.

Operation procedure:

1.Prepare the sample: put the liquid sample and solvent mixture to be concentrated in the rotary bottle and ensure that the rotating bottle does not exceed its capacity limit.

2. Adjust the parameters: set the rotation speed, heating temperature and vacuum level, and select the appropriate parameters according to the experimental requirements.

3. Start rotation: start the rotary evaporation meter and control the rotation speed to make the sample rotate evenly.

4. Heating: turn on the heating bath and set the desired temperature. The heating time depends on the nature of the sample and the degree of concentration required.

5. Vacuum: turn on the vacuum pump and gradually reduce the system pressure. Ensure that appropriate vacuum levels are used to avoid sample spillage or loss.

6.Monitoring: regularly check the change of liquid level and concentration progress in the rotating bottle. Sensors or visual inspection can be used to determine the degree of enrichment.

7. Stop operation: when the sample reaches the required concentration level, turn off the heating bath, vacuum pump and rotary evaporator.

8. Collect samples: take the concentrated samples from the rotating bottle and analyze or store them later.

When operating the rotary evaporator, you need to pay attention to the following:

·Avoid overheating: control the heating temperature to avoid solvent overheating or boiling overflow.

·Safe operation: use appropriate personal protective equipment and follow the safety instructions in the operation manual.

·Sample selection: understand the properties and solvent tolerance of the sample to avoid damage to the equipment.

·Cleaning and maintenance: after the operation, clean the rotating bottle and equipment to ensure the good condition of the next use.

·Please note that the above is only a general operation procedure, and the specific operation steps and conditions may vary according to different rotary evaporator models and experimental requirements. Before using the product, please refer to the operation manual of the equipment and strictly follow the manufacturer's recommendations.